The parotid gland is one of three salivary glands contained within the human body. Anatomy and physiology of the salivary glands pdf ppt. Anatomy of parotid gland pdf free download download medical. Facial nerve introduction during parotid gland surgery the preservation of the facial nerve depends upon its exposure and on the surgeon being able to nd it without damaging it. Download anatomy of parotid gland pdf free download free medical books pdf download microbiology pdf free parotid gland the parotid gland is the largest of the salivary glands. Saliva has lubricating and digestive properties that help protect the alimentary canal linings during meals parotid gland overview. It is surrounded by a dense irregular collagenous connective tissue capsule, in which posteriorly the parathyroid glands are embedded. The parotid glands are located in front and beneath the ear. Find powerpoint presentations and slides using the power of, find free presentations research about parotid gland ppt.
Swollen parotid gland causes, other symptoms, treatment. Click now to learn more about its anatomy, innervation, histology, and clinical aspects at kenhub. The normal echogenicity of all major salivary glands, including the parotid gland, is generally homogeneous and varies from very bright and markedly hyperechoic to only slightly hyperechoic in comparison to adjacent muscles. Anatomy of parotid gland pdf free download download. There are a number of nonsurgical procedures that often help the stones go away without surgery. It occupies the interval between the sternomastoid muscle and the mandible. The three pairs of major salivary glands in humans are the parotid pg, submandibular. The major salivary glands are the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands. It is the largest of the three glands and the biggest producer of saliva. The parotid gland is usually infected by the mumps virus causing inflammation and swelling of the gland mumps. This is an aggressive lesion with potential for both local lymphatic and distant metastases. Symptoms in most patients occur in a duration of less than a year up to several decades. In humans, the two parotid glands are present on either side of the mouth and in front of both ears.
It is important to note that late encapsulation of the parotid gland during embryogenesis results in the presence of lymphoid tissue within the parotid gland. This is a unique feature among the salivary glands and allows the parotid gland to develop lymphoid pathology. Nov 15, 2018 it is important to note that late encapsulation of the parotid gland during embryogenesis results in the presence of lymphoid tissue within the parotid gland. Apr 29, 2020 the parotid gland is the largest salivary gland. The largest, the parotid, drains by its duct into the mouth at the level of the second upper molar tooth. The parotid gland extends rostrally over the masseter muscle, ventrally to the angle of the jaw and caudally towards the atlantal fossa. Full text is available as a scanned copy of the original print version. Lecture note on anatomy of salivary glands the parotid gland. The parotid gland, along with the submandibular and sublingual glands, is one of the three paired major salivary glands. The anatomy of the parotid gland parotid gland treatment.
This is then secreted into the oral cavity, where it lubricates and aids in the breakdown of food. If we were to visualize the location of the glands, they lie in front of and beneath the ears. Its main duct stensen duct crosses the masseter muscle and opens in the buccal mucosa at the level of the second maxillary molar. Surgical anatomy of the parotid gland hamilton bailey. Any inflammation or tension can cause exquisite pain just in front of temporomandibular joint. Dec 01, 2016 to check whether or not you have a blocked parotid gland is really easy i had it about 6 years ago before tinnitus started and totally unrelated. Parotid capsule capsule of the parotid is derived from investing layer of deep cervical fascia. Facial nerve and parotid gland anatomy otolaryngologic clinics. Get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 1. Parotid tumor is the most common salivary gland tumors. Background the parotid gland is a primarily serous salivary gland that is located high in the neck in the preauricular area extending towards the cheek. Is represented by the middle third of the line drawn from the. Parotid gland largest salivary gland moistening the oral mucosa mixing with food to help in chewing and swallowing salivary amylase bacterial enzyme lysozyme.
In this article, we shall look at the location, vasculature and innervation of the parotid gland. The purpose of this study was to correlate mr imaging and histopathology of parotid gland oncocytomas and to define the features that may distinguish these neoplasms from other benign and malignant parotid gland tumors. Mar 25, 2015 parotid lymph nodes the parotid lymph nodes lie partly in the superficial fascia and partly deep to the deep fascia over the parotid gland. It can be used to monitor the presence and levels of hormones, drugs, antibodies, microorganisms and ions. Salivary glands anatomy memorial sloan kettering cancer.
Salivary gland anatomy n parotid gland n submandibular gland n sublingual gland n minor glands it is not our intent to cover anatomy during this course. The deep lobe of the parotid gland lies medial to the facial nerve branches and the mandible. The age of the patient helps narrow the differential diagnosis, with vascular and congenital lesions being more frequent in the 1st year of life, while solid tumors are more frequent in older children. Likewise, the parotid gland can be thought to wrap around the lower jaw bone or mandible.
Each parotid is wrapped around the mandibular ramus, and secretes serous saliva through the parotid duct into the mouth, to facilitate. Parotid gland definition, function and location biology. The parotid gland position vasculature innervation. Pdf anatomy, biogenesis and regeneration of salivary glands. Approximately 33% of patients have nodal or distant metastasis present at the time of initial diagnosis. The major salivary glands, three pairs in total, are found in and around your mouth and throat. Results the results of the measurements were as follows. The parotid gland is located in the space between the external auditory canal and the mandible.
The gland itself is enclosed in a split in the investing fascia, lying both on and below which are the parotid lymph nodes. The echogenicity of the parotid gland depends on the amount of intraglandular fatty tissue. The histology of the gland therefore varies according to gland type. Avoiding trauma requires detailed knowledge of the anatomy and considerable care during the opera. Risk of malignity is increasing with reduced size of involved gland. Parotid gland tumor symptoms, causes, and treatment. Apr 01, 2019 adenocarcinoma of the parotid develops from the secretory element of the gland. Parotid gland oncocytoma is an uncommon, benign salivary neoplasm composed of mitochondriarich oncocytes. More importantly, even a benign parotid tumor can become cancerous if left alone to grow. The extratemporal facial nerve and its branches pass through the parotid gland and supply motor innervation to the muscles of facial expression, as well as to the postauricular muscles, the p. The parotid swellings are extremely painful because of unyielding temperament of the parotid capsule, any inflammation or pressure inside the parotid gland will cause acute pain. If you have been diagnosed with salivary gland cancer, knowing a little bit about the salivary glands will help you talk to your doctor about surgery or other aspects of your care.
It is traversed by the facial nerve, which may be invaded by a parotid carci noma or damaged during parotid surgery. The parotid glands each produce about 10% of the saliva in the mouth, but there is more to the parotid gland and the effects it has on your health. This is a unique feature among the salivary glands and allows. Anatomy and physiology of the salivary glands pdf ppt collection if this is your first visit, be sure to check out the faq by clicking the link above. Secretions from the parotid gland are serous or watery in consistency, those from the submandibular and sublingual glands, and particularly the minor mucous glands, are much more viscous, due to their glycoprotein content. Just beyond this point the nerve dives into the posterior aspect of the parotid gland and bifurcates almost immediately into its two main divisions occasionally it divides before entering the gland. Knowledge of the surgical anatomy and the landmarks to find the facial nerve are the key to preserving facial nerve function.
The parotid gland is the largest of 3 paired major salivary glands in the head and neck. Parotid lymph nodes the parotid lymph nodes lie partly in the superficial fascia and partly deep to the deep fascia over the parotid gland. The fine anatomical and histological details will be covered in other courses. The parotid gland is a bilateral salivary gland located in the face. Overall 5year survival is 1975%, as it is highly variable and. If that doesnt work and the salivary gland is completely blocked and swelling, surgery is the next best step. Human, rodent and rabbit parotid glands are made of purely serous adenomeres. It has 1020 ducts which open into the floor of the mouth. The major function of the parotid and other salivary glands is to secrete.
Anatomy, physiology and pathology of the thyroid gland. The parotid gland is a major salivary gland in many animals. The anatomy of dog salivary glands was studied on cadaver heads. The gland produces some mucous secretion in the cat and dog. The parotid gland is a serous gland, pinkish in colour, divided into several lobes further subdivided into lobules, which can be seen as small discrete areas subdividing the surface of the gland. The duct system of the rabbit parotid gland constitutes about 5% of gland tissue volume and is divisible into intercalated and striated ducts in a volumetric ratio of about 3. Anteroinferiorly, this parotid fascia is thickened and is the only structure separating the parotid from the submandibular gland the stylomandibular ligament. Parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands are the major salivary glands. The three major salivary glands are the parotid gland, submandibular gland, and sublingual glands. Dec 11, 20 the sublingual gland has a small, almond shape and lies in front of the submandibular gland under the tongue. The salivary glands comprise the parotid, the submandibular and the sublingual glands as well as small subsidiary glands scattered beneath the mucosa of the buccal cavity. Mugunthan slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising.
The salivary glands are composed of two types of secretory cells, serous and mucous. View and download powerpoint presentations on parotid gland ppt. Parotid gland anatomy understanding the basic gross anatomy of parotid gland for mbbs students. Secretions from the parotid gland are serous or watery in consistency, those from the submandibular and sublingual glands, and particularly the minor mucous. Highresolution mri of the intraparotid facial nerve based. Classification, structure, and anatomy of salivary glands. Serous cells produce a watery secretion containing ions, enzymes, and a small amount of mucin.
However, you should know the locations and characteristics of the salivary glands. The parotid gland is the largest of the salivary glands and secretes saliva via the parotid duct into the oral cavity to facilitate mastication and swallowing. Parotid gland abnormalities parotid gland lesions in children can be divided into benign or malignant. You may not embed one of our images on your web page without a link back to our site. A duct, called stensens duct, drains saliva from the parotid gland into the mouth, at the area of the upper cheeks. Each gland is enclosed in a tissue capsule and is composed of fat tissue and cells that secrete mainly serous fluids. The parotid gland paraaround otic ear irregular, yellowish, lobulated weight 25 gm. Discussions will include information about its embryology, gross anatomy and related structures, histology, neurovascular supply, and lymphatic drainage. Each parotid is wrapped around the mandibular ramus, and secretes serous saliva through the parotid duct into the mouth, to facilitate mastication and swallowing and to begin the digestion. The type of salivary secretion varies according to gland. The parotid salivary glands, the largest of the three, are located between the ear and ascending branch of the lower jaw. Parotid gland tumor is more common in the distal portion of the gland presenting as a discrete mass. The parotid gland is a paired organ and has two portions.
Please practice handwashing and social distancing, and check out our resources for adapting to these times. Review of the major and minor salivary glands, part 1. This chapter will provide an overview of the functions of saliva, the anatomy and. The anatomy and physiology of salivary glands benefits of saliva is that it is easily available for noninvasive collection and analysis. Parotid gland tumor pictures, symptoms, surgery, causes.
In the human, there are three chief paired salivary glands. If you would like a large, unwatermarked image for your web page or blog, please purchase the appropriate license. The thyroid gland is subdivided by capsular septa into lobules containing follicles. The abnormal growth typically presents as slowgrowing, solitary, unfixed neoplasm in the parotid area, although some are multinodular and fixed. Ben slimene and houneida zaghouani and manel limeme and senda majdoub and thouraya rzigua and habib amara and dejla bakir and chakib kraeim, year2015.
The salivary glands produce saliva to moisten the mouth, to help protect teeth from decay, and to digest food. Highresolution mri of the intraparotid facial nerve based on. It lies on the masseter, and the sternocleidomastoid. The word parotid, in fact, is a literal translation for beside the ear. Anatomy, head and neck, parotid gland statpearls ncbi bookshelf. It is a larger gland with a higher flow rate in herbivores to lubricate and soften the food. There are several diagrams throughout the article which will also help in understanding the anatomy of the gland. The figure depicts salivary glands, the left parotid gland is labeled number one. Imaging evaluation of pediatric parotid gland abnormalities. Anatomy of parotid gland free pdf epub medical books. The parotid, a serous compound tubuloalveolar gland, is yellowish, lo. Salivary glands anatomy memorial sloan kettering cancer center.
This website provides over 0 free medical books and more for all students and doctors this website the best choice for medical students during and after learning medicine. The parotid, a serous compound tubuloalveolar gland, is yellowish, lobulated, and irregular in shape. Home mouth and teeth swollen parotid gland causes, other symptoms, treatment swollen parotid gland causes, other symptoms, treatment the parotid gland is the largest of the sailvary glands lying on either side of the face, towards the back of the jaw and slightly below and in front of the ears. These septa also serve as conduits for blood vessels. Majority of them is benign, parotid gland is most commonly involved. It is situated below the external auditory meatus and extends on to the ramus of the mandible. Feb 22, 2018 this video covers the anatomy of the parotid gland, sublingual gland and submandibular gland. The thyroid gland is composed of 2 lobes connected by an isthmus.
Robert lewis maynard, noel downes, in anatomy and histology of the laboratory rat in toxicology and biomedical research, 2019. To check whether or not you have a blocked parotid gland is really easy i had it about 6 years ago before tinnitus started and totally unrelated. It produces serous saliva, a watery solution rich in enzymes. The parotid gland is the largest salivary gland and makes 25% of the saliva.